<p dir="ltr">I have always been a fan of oil compensation at higher than ambient pressure, for a variety of reasons. The only real downside is the environmental impact of potentially losing oil to the surrounding water in the event of a leak, but that impact can be mitigated with oil selection. Positive pressure allows you to compensate for volumetric changes in your compensated volumes due to the exterior pressure, as well as for thermal expansion of the oil, and if you have any leakage at all, you leak oil out, rather than water in, which can be an expensive lesson. Additionally, if you provide the bias with something like a spring loaded cylinder or elastomeric bladder, you can instrument its displacement for accurate monitoring of demanded compensation volume, and potentially detect leaks well in advance of when they actually become a problem. Ambient-only compensation has the disadvantage of not compensating for boundary-layer viscosity effects on rotating shafts, density
differences (gravity induced exchange and/or centripetally accelerated fluid) and other small but cumulative effects that can contribute to water ingress. </p>