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<DIV>Sean,</DIV>
<DIV>That's the best summary on the subject I've ever heard in a short amount of
space.</DIV>
<DIV>Thanks,</DIV>
<DIV>Jim T.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>In a message dated 6/2/2014 6:39:24 P.M. Central Daylight Time,
personal_submersibles@psubs.org writes:</DIV>
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<P dir=ltr>Most through-water communication devices employ acoustic
transmission instead of electromagnetic, with the exception of some extremely
low-frequency systems. The reason is that seawater, being conductive, acts
like a massive Faraday cage surrounding the transmitter. Electromagnetic
attenuation through seawater is significant, and gets worse with increased
frequency. Microwaves are wholly unsuitable. Extremely low frequency radio
waves have been used with some success, but due to the low frequency, are
limited to low data rates insufficient for encoding real-time voice comms.
Human hearing covers from about 20 Hz to 20 kHz, so to encode the audible
spectrum you need a bandwidth of twice that. This is why CDs are sampled at
44.1 kHz. Now, intelligible voice comms don't require the whole spectrum - you
can get away with just a few kHz to encode the typical frequencies in a human
voice, but even that is too much data for real-time communicat! ion at
frequencies which will not be attenuated so much by the seawater as to make
them useless. Think text messages that are so slow that you can see each
character arriving individually - that's about what you can hope for with
underwater radio that still has some useful range. Of course, this is
dependent on your requirements. More available transmission power, or less
required range, and you may be okay, but it is hardly efficient.</P>
<P dir=ltr>In contrast to radio waves, acoustic signals are not as easily
attenuated in water, and as such are frequently used for communication,
navigation and imaging. (I.e. why we use sonar underwater instead of
radar). Voice comms can be frequency shifted to frequencies outside of
human hearing, transmitted as an ultrasonic sound wave through the water, and
frequency shifted again on the receive side to make real-time voice comms
feasible. What's more, with acoustic signals, increased salinity actually
helps rather than hinders, as the greater the density of the water, the less
the attenuation with distance.</P>
<P dir=ltr>Sean<BR></P><BR><BR>
<DIV class=gmail_quote>On June 2, 2014 3:27:20 PM MDT, "Nathan.tuttle via
Personal_Submersibles" <personal_submersibles@psubs.org> wrote:
<BLOCKQUOTE class=gmail_quote
style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid"><PRE class=k9mail>Hey I am a submersible enthusiast and an expert engineer.<BR><BR>One thing that is bugging me is why communication with devices at great depths (the very bottom of the ocean) seems to be so hard.<BR><BR>The thing I am working on is miniature drones fully equipped and deployed en masse to scan and collect data from the bottom of the ocean.<BR><BR>Primarily, I want to find Amelia Earharts wreckage ;)<BR><BR>My question is, would it be difficult to create an underwater device that can communicate via microwave to surface?<BR><BR>Microwaves on the electromagnetic spectrum can pass through things in a line of sight manner if there is nothing obstructing them.<BR><BR>But I am weak on my physics and maybe the several billion tons of water that it has to pass through would squelch the signal.<BR><BR>Is there a means of telecommunication with high enough bandwidth to transfer signals from that distance and that depth?<BR><BR>Althoug!
h our
earth is covered 70% of water. I think we have seen technology come to the point where a mass deployment of small controllable drones equipped with detection devices could search the sea floor.<BR><BR>I would great appreciate your input.<BR><BR>Sent from my iPad<BR><HR><BR>Personal_Submersibles mailing list<BR>Personal_Submersibles@psubs.org<BR><A title=http://www.psubs.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/personal_submersibles href="http://www.psubs.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/personal_submersibles">http://www.psubs.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/personal_submersibles</A><BR></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Personal_Submersibles
mailing
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