<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:12pt"><div><span>Jim, Joe,</span></div><div><span>When I test Gamma next month or when the weather improves, I intend to use a ballast bag that holds 350 lbs of water. I will place it where the passenger is normally. There is the benefit of less draft on launch and less weight to haul for 12 hr of driving. I will not need to screw with weights in and out. I bought the ballast bags for other reasons and think they might be the answer. Gamma was built with a trim tank that was removed, so I want to put some dives on it before I decide if I need it. Like Vance says firmly, you don't need a vbt. In an effort to keep it simple, I will try it without.</span></div><div><span>Hank</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div class="yahoo_quoted" style="display:
block;"> <br> <br> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <font face="Arial" size="2"> On Sunday, January 12, 2014 7:27:35 AM, "jimtoddpsub@aol.com" <jimtoddpsub@aol.com> wrote:<br> </font> </div> <div class="y_msg_container"><div id="yiv8070006819"><div><font color="black" face="arial" size="2">
</font><div><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3">Hi Joe,</font></div>
<div><font size="3"></font> </div>
<div><font size="3">I tried hard to come up with a VBT system to greatly reduce the need to load or unload lead to adjust or compensate for passenger/no-passenger and the variability in the weight of the pilot or passenger. That would have meant adding 25-30 gallons of VBT capacity to whatever VBT capacity was already planned. It also meant that VBT would have to be located at the same position fore/aft as the passenger. Picture in your mind the size of a 30-gallon drum. Whether the VBT was internal or external it was very apparent that it just wasn't workable.</font></div>
<div><font size="3"></font> </div>
<div><font size="3">Adding/subtracting lead externally isn't so hard when the sub is on the trailer, but i</font><font size="3">t's difficult when the sub is in the water. In the end the simplest, most convenient system came right back to +/- lead directly under the pilot's and passenger's seats.<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> The only practical alternative I've seen so far for a very small sub is Alec's arrangement for adding or subtracting trawler floats to adjust buoyancy.</font></font></div>
<div><font size="3"></font> </div>
<div><font size="3">I have two external VBTs - one fore, one aft, so they can be used for trim as well as overall buoyancy. The capacity of each is not yet determined. The forward one can be used to compensate for the addition of equipment up to a point.</font></div>
<div><font size="3"></font> </div>
<div><font size="3"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Best</font> regards,</font></div>
<div><font size="3">Jim</font></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">-----Original Message-----<br clear="none">
From: Joe Perkel <josephperkel@yahoo.com><br clear="none">
To: personal_submersibles <personal_submersibles@psubs.org><br clear="none">
Sent: Sun, Jan 12, 2014 6:18 am<br clear="none">
Subject: Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting, Control/Compensating & Trimming<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
<div class="yiv8070006819yqt3179415128" id="yiv8070006819yqt05919"><div id="yiv8070006819AOLMsgPart_2_ba68e8b5-f505-432b-94d7-becf3678b154">
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alan,<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
I've been giving this issue of fine buoyancy control some thought lately. In the literature is there any mention of a rule of thumb volume to vehicle ratio for the capacity?<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
On a K-350, the difference between diving solo or with a passenger could be as much as 200 lbs (100 kg). I would think that it would be convenient and useful to be able to compensate for this without having to manually transfer solid ballast (lead). The standard VBT volume is too small to be able to do so.<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Joe<a href="http://overview.mail.yahoo.com/?.src=iOS" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" shape="rect"><br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Sent from Yahoo Mail for iPad</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<b>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">From:</span>
</b>
Alan <<a href="mailto:alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com">alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com</a>>; <br clear="none">
<b>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span>
</b>
Personal Submersibles General Discussion <<a href="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:personal_submersibles@psubs.org">personal_submersibles@psubs.org</a>>; <br clear="none">
<b>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span>
</b>
Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting, Control/Compensating & Trimming <br clear="none">
<b>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span>
</b>
Sun, Jan 12, 2014 9:20:37 AM <br clear="none">
</div>
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<div>Hi jim,</div>
<div>here's a G.L. quote. "Normally compensating tanks are to be provided for a fine</div>
<div>adjustment of the wanted depth and for balancing of changes of buoyancy</div>
<div>because of consumption of provisions & supplies during the underwater voyage,</div>
<div>changes of the density of seawater, taking on or taking off of payloads as well </div>
<div>as effects of buoyancy/loss of buoyancy."</div>
<div> This section covers hard & soft tanks, internal & external, & calls them all</div>
<div>compensating tanks.</div>
<div>Alan</div>
<div><br clear="none">Sent from my iPad</div>
<div class="yiv8070006819yqt2612426534" id="yiv8070006819yqt95500">
<div><br clear="none">On 12/01/2014, at 9:59 am, <a href="" rel="nofollow" shape="rect">jimtoddpsub@aol.com</a> wrote:<br clear="none"><br clear="none"></div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div><font color="black" face="arial" size="2">
</font>
<div><font size="3">Hi Alan,</font></div>
<div><font size="3">Thanks for posting that. <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">What</font> all does "compensating tanks" refer to? </font></div>
<div><font size="3">Best regards,</font></div>
<div><font size="3">Jim</font></div>
<div> </div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">-----Original Message-----<br clear="none">
From: Alan James <<a href="" rel="nofollow" shape="rect">alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com</a>><br clear="none">
To: <a href="http://psubs.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" shape="rect">psubs.org</a> <<a href="" rel="nofollow" shape="rect">personal_submersibles@psubs.org</a>><br clear="none">
Sent: Fri, Jan 10, 2014 5:37 pm<br clear="none">
Subject: [PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting, Control/Compensating & Trimming<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
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<div>Hi all,</div>
<div>This is my G.L. summary of Diving/Ballasting, Control/Compensating & Trimming.</div>
<div>It builds a little on a previous section "Stability & buoyancy".</div>
<div> All the ballasting controls & systems have to work under previously specified heel & trim <span style="font-size: 14pt;">requirements. Including when one main ballast tank is damaged.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> It has to be possible to check these systems prior to diving.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> The sub must be able to surface after the failure of a compensating tank.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Flooding & bilge openings are to be protected with grids, filters or strum boxes to stop the entrance of foreign matter.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> All the operating units for controlling positive & negative buoyancy are to be
grouped </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; background-color: transparent;">together & clearly marked on the control consul. This control consul is to have indicating instruments showing depth & trim.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Separate shut off valves are required for each ballast tank.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> The vent valves are to be designed in such a way as to prevent unintentional opening.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Where diving tanks have flooding holes without means of closure, double shut-off</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">valves "May" be stipulated for the vent pipe.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> The blowing line for each tank has to have a separate shut off.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Blowing the tanks cannot cause an excessive over-pressure.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Where the diving tanks are pumped out there needs to be a closure valve & back up </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; background-color: transparent;">bilge pump. No excess under-pressure can be caused.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; background-color: transparent;"> Compensating tanks are to be designed big
enough for all the changes in</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; background-color: transparent;">buoyancy plus 10%</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; background-color: transparent;"> Compensating tanks need contents gauges to give continuous readings.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; background-color: transparent;"> The compensating
tank vent pipes need to be wide enough for maximum </span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; background-color: transparent;">inflow / outflow </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; background-color: transparent;">and designed so that water can't flow from them unnoticed in to the hull.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; background-color: transparent;"> The volume of the trimming tanks is designed in such a way that all planned trimming situations can be adjusted by combined filling & emptying of the various tanks.</span></div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; background-color: transparent;">Alan</span></div>
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