<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:14pt"><div><span>Joe,</span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span>It says in section 7 D 4.1...</span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;">"The capacity of compensating tanks has to be big enough to compensate for all the</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;">changes in
buoyancy expected to arise during the planned diving duties plus a </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;">reserve capacity of at least 10%.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;">I presume you could use the compensating tanks as a supplement to adjusting</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;">buoyancy with weights.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue',
Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"> I wonder how those tourist subs get on with fifty people of differing weights who</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;">aren't weighed before hand. And what about the trim? "Excuse me madam could</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;">you move to the front of the submarine & swap seats with that skinny gentleman".</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 18.88888931274414px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color:
transparent; font-style: normal;">Alan</div><div><br></div> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <hr size="1"> <font size="2" face="Arial"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> Joe Perkel <josephperkel@yahoo.com><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> "personal_submersibles@psubs.org" <personal_submersibles@psubs.org> <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Monday, January 13, 2014 1:18 AM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting, Control/Compensating & Trimming<br> </font> </div> <div class="y_msg_container"><br><div id="yiv7924443486"><div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">Alan,<br clear="none"><br clear="none">I've been giving this issue of fine buoyancy control some thought lately. In the literature is there any mention of a rule of thumb volume to vehicle ratio for the capacity?<br clear="none"><br clear="none">On a K-350, the difference between diving solo or with a passenger could be as much as 200 lbs (100 kg). I would think that it would be convenient and useful to be able to compensate for this without having to manually transfer solid ballast (lead). The standard VBT volume is too small to be able to do so.<br clear="none"><br clear="none">Joe<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://overview.mail.yahoo.com/?.src=iOS"><br clear="none"><br clear="none">Sent from Yahoo Mail for iPad</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="yiv7924443486yqt4858205118" id="yiv7924443486yqt08329"><div id="yiv7924443486_origMsg_">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span>
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Alan <alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com>; <br clear="none">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;">To:</span>
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Personal Submersibles General Discussion <personal_submersibles@psubs.org>; <br clear="none">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;">Subject:</span>
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Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting, Control/Compensating & Trimming <br clear="none">
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<span style="font-weight:bold;">Sent:</span>
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Sun, Jan 12, 2014 9:20:37 AM <br clear="none">
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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top"><div>Hi jim,</div><div>here's a G.L. quote. "Normally compensating tanks are to be provided for a fine</div><div>adjustment of the wanted depth and for balancing of changes of buoyancy</div><div>because of consumption of provisions & supplies during the underwater voyage,</div><div>changes of the density of seawater, taking on or taking off of payloads as well </div><div>as effects of buoyancy/loss of buoyancy."</div><div> This section covers hard & soft tanks, internal & external, & calls them all</div><div>compensating tanks.</div><div>Alan</div><div><br clear="none">Sent from my iPad</div><div class="yiv7924443486yqt2612426534" id="yiv7924443486yqt95500"><div><br clear="none">On 12/01/2014, at 9:59 am, <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" href="">jimtoddpsub@aol.com</a> wrote:<br clear="none"><br
clear="none"></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><font color="black" size="2" face="arial">
</font><div><font size="3">Hi Alan,</font></div>
<div><font size="3">Thanks for posting that. <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">What</font> all does "compensating tanks" refer to? </font></div>
<div><font size="3">Best regards,</font></div>
<div><font size="3">Jim</font></div>
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<div style="color: black; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">-----Original Message-----<br clear="none">
From: Alan James <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" href="">alanlindsayjames@yahoo.com</a>><br clear="none">
To: <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://psubs.org/">psubs.org</a> <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" href="">personal_submersibles@psubs.org</a>><br clear="none">
Sent: Fri, Jan 10, 2014 5:37 pm<br clear="none">
Subject: [PSUBS-MAILIST] G.L. rules Arrangement for Diving/Ballasting, Control/Compensating & Trimming<br clear="none">
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<div>Hi all,</div>
<div>This is my G.L. summary of Diving/Ballasting, Control/Compensating & Trimming.</div>
<div>It builds a little on a previous section "Stability & buoyancy".</div>
<div> All the ballasting controls & systems have to work under previously specified heel & trim <span style="font-size:14pt;">requirements. Including when one main ballast tank is damaged.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;"> It has to be possible to check these systems prior to diving.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;"> The sub must be able to surface after the failure of a compensating tank.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;"> Flooding & bilge openings are to be protected with grids, filters or strum boxes to stop the entrance of foreign matter.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;"> All the operating units for controlling positive & negative buoyancy are to be
grouped </span><span style="font-size:14pt;background-color:transparent;">together & clearly marked on the control consul. This control consul is to have indicating instruments showing depth & trim.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;"> Separate shut off valves are required for each ballast tank.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;"> The vent valves are to be designed in such a way as to prevent unintentional opening.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;"> Where diving tanks have flooding holes without means of closure, double shut-off</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;">valves "May" be stipulated for the vent pipe.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;"> The blowing line for each tank has to have a separate shut off.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;"> Blowing the tanks cannot cause an excessive over-pressure.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;"> Where the diving tanks are pumped out there needs to be a closure valve & back up </span><span style="font-size:14pt;background-color:transparent;">bilge pump. No excess under-pressure can be caused.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;background-color:transparent;"> Compensating tanks are to be designed big
enough for all the changes in</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;background-color:transparent;">buoyancy plus 10%</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;background-color:transparent;"> Compensating tanks need contents gauges to give continuous readings.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;background-color:transparent;"> The compensating
tank vent pipes need to be wide enough for maximum </span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;background-color:transparent;">inflow / outflow </span><span style="font-size:14pt;background-color:transparent;">and designed so that water can't flow from them unnoticed in to the hull.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;background-color:transparent;"> The volume of the trimming tanks is designed in such a way that all planned trimming situations can be adjusted by combined filling & emptying of the various tanks.</span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,;"><span style="font-size:14pt;background-color:transparent;">Alan</span></div>
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